The following are the Seven Principles of Spiritualism which were given through the mediumship of Emma Hardinge Britten:

1.    THE FATHERHOOD OF GOD
2.    THE BROTHERHOOD OF MAN
3.    COMMUNION OF SPIRITS AND THE MINISTRY OF ANGELS
4.    CONTINUOUS EXISTENCE OF THE HUMAN SOUL
5.    PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY
6.    COMPENSATION AND RETRIBUTION HEREAFTER FOR ALL GOOD AND EVIL DEEDS DONE ON EARTH
7.    ETERNAL PROGRESS OPEN TO EVERY HUMAN SOUL

1848

Fox Sisters On the 31st March, 1848, The Fox Sisters made a break through by communicating with a spirit who had been disturbing the family with strange sounds and activities. The Hydesville Knockings in the United States of America lead to the investigation of the mediumship of the Fox Sisters and the birth of modern Spiritualism.  1849 was the first public demonstration of mediumship by Margareta Fox in the Corinthian Hall in New York.

1850

Cromwell Fleetwood Varley was an English engineer who was first attracted to Spiritualism in 1850. He investigated the hypothesis that table rapping is the result of an electrical force and demonstrated that this hypothesis was altogether unfounded. In later years he had many curious psychic experiences, discovered that he possessed mesmeric healing power and effected cures on his wife. Mrs. Varley had clairvoyant visions and spells of trance in which she foretold the exact course of her illness.

1852

Mrs. Maria Hayden came from America in 1852 and was the first Spiritualist Medium to work in England. The press and clergy were very antagonistic towards her but in spite of this, she succeeded in demonstrating spirit return

1853

David Richmond (1816 - 1891) became a Spiritualist whilst living in America and upon his return to his native town of Darlington, England in 1853, tried unsuccessfully to open a Spiritualist church. He moved to Keighley and there established the first Spiritualist church in England.

Judge Robert Hare (1781 - 1858) at the age of 72, began his investigations and devised a number of instruments which, contrary to his expectations, conclusively proved that a power and intelligence, not that of those present, was at work. His book, 'Experimental Investigation of the Spirit Manifestation,' published in 1855, summed up the results as follows: 'The evidence may be contemplated under various phases; first, those in which rapping's or other noises have been made which could not be traced to any mortal agency; secondly, those in which sounds were so made as to indicate letters forming grammatical, well-spelt sentences, affording proof that they were under the guidance of some rational being; thirdly, those in which the nature of the communication has been such as to prove that the being causing them must, agreeably to accompanying allegations, be some known acquaintance, friend, or relative of the inquirer.

1854

Ira Davenport (1839 - 1911) and William Davenport (1841 - 1877)  first demonstrated their abilities in 1854, sometimes bound together with the bindings wax-sealed, often in light with startling materializations that the mainstream public found difficult to accept.  Together they travelled America, England, Russia, Australia where the Davenport's careers came to an end in 1877 when William died suddenly after contracting tuberculosis in New Zealand.  He was buried in the Rookwood Cemetery in Sydney, New South Wales.

1855

Daniel Dunglas Home (1833 - 1886) One of the greatest physical mediums in whose presence almost all types of physical phenomena occurred.  He was reported to be able to levitate to a variety of heights, elongate and to handle fire and hot coals without injury. He conducted hundreds of seances over a period of 25 years attended by many of the best-known names of the Victorian period.  Born in Edinburgh, his powers were discovered whilst he was living in America. On his return to England, in 1855 the remarkable phenomena aroused great interest.

1866

Emma Hardinge Britten (1823 - 1899) received 'The Principles of Spiritualism' from Robert Owen (1771 - 1858) after he passed to spirit. She returned to England from America where she was quickly recognized as a powerful medium, trance lecturer and delivered speeches across the country.  Her lecture topics included “The Discovering of Spirits,” “The Philosophy of the Spirit Circle,” “Hades,” and “What Is the Basis of the Connection of the Natural and Spiritual Worlds?” and is perhaps, the most renowned and most respected advocate and proponent in the early Modern Spiritualist Movement.

1871

Florence Cook (1856 - 1904) Outstanding for the wonderful materialization of Katie King investigated by Sir William Crookes. He proved this spirit to be entirely separate and distinct from the medium.  In 1873, after development of her mediumship, the materialization of Katie King within the séance circle was a momentous event indeed, as, 'she represented for confirmed Spiritualists the final empirical evidence for the reality of spirit life and the existence of an unseen world'

Sir William Crookes (1832 - 1919) reported on Spiritualism to the Royal Society and published his findings in the quarterly Journal of Science. An outstanding physicist who began his investigations into Spiritualism with the avowed intent of exposing it as a nonsense.  The mediums he studied were Kate Fox, Florence Cook, and Daniel Dunglas Home. Among the phenomena he witnessed were movement of bodies at a distance, rappings, changes in the weights of bodies, levitation, appearance of luminous objects, appearance of phantom figures, appearance of writing without human agency, and circumstances which "point to the agency of an outside intelligence The facts surrounding his investigation of Katie King through the mediumship of Florence Cook were so overwhelming, and to the end of his life he remained completely convinced of the truth of Spirit communication.

1872

William Stainton Moses (1839 - 1892) An Oxford M.A. and a clergyman on the Church of England. He was a leading light in promoting The London Spiritualist Alliance, and became its first President and the first Editor of 'Light'. His great contributions were the teachings produced through him by means of spirit controlled writing and published as 'Spirit Teachings' and 'More Spirit Teachings'

1874

Mme. d'Esperance (1855 - 1919) The mediumship of Elizabeth Hope who worked under the pseudonym of Mme. d'Esperance, is an example of the quality evidence available through physical mediumship.  She displayed automatic writing, psychic drawing, materialization in lighted conditions and the stunning reunions and embracing of departed family members amongst other phenomena.  She also astounded sitters by her dematerialization in the séance room.

1875

Helena Petrovna Blavatsky (1831 - 1891) commonly known as Madame Blavatsky, founded the Theosophical Movement and wrote several books and articles. She introduced knowledge of Eastern religions to the West, including the wisdom of karma and reincarnation as well as displayed phenomena unexplainable by known laws of science.

George Spriggs (1850 - 1912) Designated as a 'powerful English materialization medium' by Dr. Nandor Fodor.  In November 1880, Spriggs went to Melbourne, Australia. The phenomena reported there: spirits who held out heavy objects, drank water, ate biscuits, and wrote letters to former sitters. After six years, the materializations ceased, but other phenomena remained.

1883

Sir Oliver Lodge (1851 - 1940) was a world-renowned physicist and a fearless champion of survival.  After his son, Raymond, was killed in World War I in 1915, Lodge visited several psychics and wrote about his experience in a number of books, including the best-selling "Raymond, or Life and Death" (1916).  He may not necessarily be called a proponent of the Spiritualist Movement, but he was an avid believer in Spiritualist concepts.

"Mr. Eglinton lay on a garden bench in plain sight. We saw the bodies of four visitors form themselves from a cloud of white vapour and then walk about, robed all in purest white, upon the lawn where no deception was possible. One of them walked quite around us, as we sat in our chairs on the grass, talking as familiarly as any friend . . . [and] took my hat from my head, put it on his own, and walked off with it where the medium was lying; then he came and put it on my head again; then walked across the lawn and up a gravel walk to the foot of the balcony and talked with Mrs. Nichols. After a brief conversation he returned to the medium and gradually faded from sight.''

1884

Leonore E. Piper (1857 - 1950) of Boston, USA, allowed herself to be subjected to the most exacting scientific investigation of her mediumship for a period of 45 years. This great medium was instrumental in converting many eminent people to belief in a spirit agency operating through her trance mediumship.

1887

The 'Two Worlds' was launched as a weekly newspaper by Emma Hardinge Britten

1889

Mrs. A. W. Verrall (1859 - 1918) joined the S.P.R. in 1889, wrote many important papers for the Proceedings, was elected to the Council in 1901, developed psychic powers herself and sat, on Myers' request, with Mrs. Piper when she visited England. In automatic writing she obtained in 1901 the first results after the death of Myers and produced afterwards hundreds of scripts which often contained matter of supernormal interest. In 1906 she published in the Proceedings an analysis of her scripts. This paper formed the starting point of a serious study in cross correspondence.

1890

Jan Guzyk (1875 - 1928) a Polish materialization medium, the son of a weaver whose strange powers first manifested in his years of apprenticeship in the tanning trade at Warsaw. There were raps, blows on the walls and a stirring of objects as soon as evening approached. At the age of 15, under the domination of M. Chlopicki, an acknowledged Spiritualist, he became a professional medium. Aksakof took him to St. Petersburg where he achieved great success.

1891

Florence Marryat (1837 - 1899) English authoress, daughter of Capt. Marryat, acquainted with all the celebrated mediums of the seventies-eighties both in England and America, witness of Katie King's famous farewell from Florence Cook, recorded remarkable experiences in two books: 'There is No Death', 1891, and 'The Spirit World', 1894, both of them very popular, and claimed mediumistic gifts herself, among them the strange power of summoning the spirits of the living.

1892

In 1892 William T. Stead (1849 - 1912) discovered that he had the gifts of spirit-controlled handwriting. He became associated with the L.S.A. and was a fearless champion of Spiritualism. He was, of course, a well-known editor, and a nationally famous figure for his great fight against the White Slave Traffic and the prostitution of children. He passed to the Higher Life through the tragic sinking of the 'Titanic' in 1912

1894

Lord Arthur Balfour (1848 - 1930) Served as the British Prime Minister from 1902 to 1905 and through his sister, the wife of Prof. Henry Sidgwick, the first president of the SPR, he became interested in psychic phenomena and the question of survival in 1882. In 1894 he occupied the presidential chair of the SPR. Especially interested in telepathy as it lent itself to experimental work. President of the SPR in 1893. President of the British Association in 1904.

1897

R. Thompson - an English trance medium, whose powers were developed at Frederic W. Thurstan's Delphic Circle at Hertford Lodge, Battersea. In her early sittings in 1897 and 1898 the records of which in 'Light' refer to her as Mrs. T., she exhibited powerful physical phenomena, raps, movements of objects, psychic lights, elongation, direct voice, apports, scents and materializations. Her physical manifestations were discouraged by F. W. H. Myers and she was persuaded to give her services to the S.P.R. as a trance medium from 1898 onwards (Proc., Vol. XVII, 1901-3). Her chief control was her deceased daughter, Nelly, who died in infancy.

1905

Indridi Indridason (1883 - 1912) His mediumship was unusual because it appears that he was the first person known to have had these abilities in Iceland; secondly, he was found by academic researchers, and his mediumship was developed by them. The source of this work was the Experimental Society that later became the Icelandic Society for Psychical Research.

Gladys Osborne Leonard (1882 - 1968) As often happens with many natural mediums, Mrs. Leonard exhibited early signs of her sensitive nature. Mrs. Leonard was one of the most thoroughly investigated mediums of the twentieth century. For more than fifty years she gave remarkable evidence of personal survival to countless sitters. Perhaps the most significant in her life was a series of sittings she gave to Sir Oliver Lodge, the renowned physicist.

Etta Wriedt (b1840) In addition to voices heard in the daylight, there were other features to her seances as well: luminous forms, ethereals gliding about the room in darkness. Sometimes dogs materialized and barked...Flowers were taken from vases and placed in the hands of sitters...invisible fingers touched the sitters and rapped by the trumpet to urge a hesitating person to answer promptly when spoken to, luminous discs...were seen to move round...The sitters were often sprinkled with water, wafts of cool air were felt'

The Bang Sisters Within the vast and marvelous records of American physical mediumship, one of the most outstanding chapters belongs indeed, to the turn of the century mediums, the Misses Elizabeth S and May E Bangs, of Chicago, Illinois. Their gifts included above board, independent writing in broad daylight (mostly slates), and independent drawing and painting; all forms of fully developed clairvoyance, materializations, and direct voices, but their most wondrous and spectacular phenomena was that of precipitated spirit portraits in full colour (as can be seen in the painting to the left).

P Stanislawa, the wife of a Polish officer, subject of Baron von Schrenck Notzing for important materialization experiments. At the age of 18 she saw the spirit of a friend, Sophie M., who died at the exact time. Soon after, spontaneous telekinetic phenomena developed. Having joined a Spiritualistic circle, Sophie M. materialized and became the medium's permanent attendant, occasionally sharing control with 'Adalbert' and a young Polish boy. In 1911 P. Lebiedzinski, a Polish engineer, began a series of experimental seances which lasted intermittently until 1916. His report, published in the 'Revue Metapsychique' (1921, No. 4) was favourable.

1914

Maria Silbert (1866 - 1936) was a physical medium, always ready to help, sacrificed herself, in spite of years of illness, for science and her suffering fellow-creatures. Known for telekinesis, stigmata, apport, and trance phenomena.  As a child she reportedly could predict future events, but her later physical powers were developed at the expense of her clairvoyant abilities.

1920

Rev. G. Vale Owen (1869 - 1931) a Church of England clergyman who developed spirit controlled writing. A whole series of articles produced in this manner was published in the 'Weekly Despatch' in 1920 and made a profound impression. In consequence of this publicity he was persecuted by his Ecclesiastical superiors and resigned from the Church. He conducted lecture tours of Britain and America. His 'Life Beyond the Veil' (five volumes) has become a Spiritualist classic.

Geraldine Cummins (1890 - 1968) Authoress, daughter of the late Professor Ashley Cummins of Cork, Ireland, remarkable automatic writer, receiving communications alleged to emanate from Phillip the Evangelist, Cleophas and F. W. H. Myers. The development of her mediumship began in December, 1923, in sittings with Miss E. B. Gibbes. She never studied theology or kindred subjects. She travelled far and wide but never visited Egypt or Palestine. Ordinarily her work of composition is very slow. In her automatic writing the speed is remarkable. On March 16, 1926, 1,750 words were produced in one hour and five minutes.

1924

Hannen Swaffer (1879 - 1962) proclaimed his belief in the teachings and truth of Spiritualism. Author, Journalist and socialist, he created a sensation when he made public his conversion to Spiritualism in 1924, in his book 'Northcliffe's Return'. He was a great propagandist through the spoken and written word. It was in Hannen Swaffer's famous home circle that Silver Birch, the spirit guide of Maurice Barbanell (1902 - 1981) used to speak.

1927

Carlos Mirabelli (1889 - 1951) Carlos worked in a shoe shop where he found himself in the midst of poltergeist activity: 'The shoe boxes took to leaving their shelves and flying around the shop, sometimes even accompanying him out into the street'. Consequently, and regrettably, he was incarcerated in an asylum. However, those who cared for him decided to carry out tests and discovered his ability to move objects without physical contact with them.

1930

Gordon Higginson (1918 - 1993) began demonstrating publicly at the age of 12.  Gordon continued to demonstrate his mediumship in churches, theatres, halls, including the Albert Hall and astounded hundreds of thousands of people with his evidential clairvoyance. Because of the strength of his physical mediumship, many have witnessed materialized spirit forms in home circles and at the Arthur Findlay College of Psychic Science where he was the Principal and demonstrated his physical mediumship over many years. Gordon was a Spiritualist Minister, President of the West Midlands District Council and President of the Spiritualists National Union from 1970 to his death on 18th January, 1993.

1931-1935

Arthur Findlay (1883-1964) had his trilogy published..."On the Edge of the Etheric'', "The Rock of Truth" and "The Unfolding Universe". 

The Alternative Seven Principles of Spiritualism - Based on those given by Arthur Findlay:

1.  The Universe is governed by mind, commonly called God.  All we have sensed, do sense or will sense is Mind  expressing itself in some form or another.

2.   The existence and identity of the individual continues after the change  called death.

3.  Communication, under suitable conditions, takes place between us here on  Earth and the inhabitants of Etheria*,  into which we shall pass at death.

4.   Our conduct must be guided by the golden rule first proclaimed by  Confucius, of doing to others what we would wish to be done to ourselves.

5.   Each individual is their own saviour, and we cannot look to someone else to  bear our sins and suffer for our mistakes.

6.  Each individual reaps as s/he sows, and we make our happiness or unhappiness  just as we harmonise with our surroundings. Each one gravitates naturally to the place in Etheria in harmony with his or her desires, as there desires are gratified more easily than here on earth.

7.   The path of progress is never closed, and there is no known end to the advancement of the individual.

Stansted Hall, built in 1871, was bequeathed to the Spiritualists' National Union by Arthur Findlay and is known as the Arthur Findlay College.

1932

The 'Psychic News' was founded by Arthur Findlay under the editorship of Maurice Barbanell.

1934

Alexander Frederick Harris (1987 - 1974) was born in Treherbert, in the Rhondda Valley, and was a physical and direct-voice medium and materialised people emerged out of the cabinet sometimes two or three at a time. Up to twenty fully-materialised forms greeted sitters and spoke  quite naturally.

1936

Harry Edwards (1893 - 1976) probably did more to permanently affect Establishment attitudes, in the UK at least, towards a particular type of mediumship (healing) than any other single Spiritualist before or since.  He also became famous by his public healing demonstrations, which, like the one at Royal Albert Hall in London, were attended by up to five thousand visitors. His declared task was to propagate and popularise the knowledge about spiritual healing. For instance, he also recommended the cooperation between classical medicine and spiritual healing, with the effect that there is successful cooperation of the two disciplines in England today.

1937

Spiritualism was investigated by the Church of England Committee set up by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr. Cosmo Lang. (It's subsequent favourable report was suppressed but leaked to 'Psychic News’ and is available here.

1938

Arnold Clare (b1901) After reading an article by Conan Doyle, Arnold was prompted to attempt receiving communications, and found that he was capable of automatic writing.  An amazing physical medium who Jack Webber materialized through shortly after passing and spoke to the assembled sitters.  On 30 November 1940, Colin Evans, B.A., was invited to a seance; his record is significant due to his objectively and the absence of partiality and he made the decisive statement that: 'I knew Jack Webber very well by sight, and was under no possibility of doubt as to the features I saw in the materialization being the same as those with which I became familiar during Webber's earth life.

1944

Helen Duncan (1897 - 1956) Trial in London - Spiritualists are no strangers to scorn, skepticism and stupidity. We face these regularly and deal with them appropriately. But few know that one of our most gifted mediums was charged with conspiracy and actually imprisoned and accused of being a witch when she was a well-known and proven psychic. During WWII Helen's accurate 'death notices' were verified countless times. When she materialized the full form of a sailor with the name H.M.S. BARHAM on his cap, a ship, which the English government denied, had been sunk; she was arrested and jailed as a spy and then a witch. Even after she was proven correct, she was held as a witch.  In 1956, the Nottingham police raided a séance Helen Duncan was giving. After entering without a search warrant on the supposed complaint of two police officers who had earlier attended one of her séances. The police were aware that materialization usually has to be conducted in darkness and that if the lights are put on suddenly very serious injury or death to the medium can occur.

After entry they went to the medium's cabinet, grabbed the medium and took flash photographs. This raid resulted in the death of Helen Duncan five weeks later due to injuries sustained by the officers’ conduct.

1945

Helen Hughes (1893 - 1967) was a superb clairaudient medium who conducted countless propaganda meetings around the UK.  She was a dedicated spiritualist whose mediumship was recognized to be of the highest calibre and was entranced by her sitter’s loved ones to give startlingly accurate evidence of survival.

Lord Dowding came into prominence as a champion of Spiritualism after the 1939-1945 war. Lord Dowding was in command of the R.A.F. during the Battle of Britain and, through a medium friend, many of the airmen who had passed over were able to give their former Chief convincing evidence of their survival.  He is also reputed to have been advised by spirit when to conduct Operation Overlord. Since then Lord Dowding spoke and wrote indefatigably on his convictions regarding the continuity of life after physical death.

1946

Minnie Harrison (1895 - 1958) . Minnie had developed both clairvoyance and clairaudience in her teens.  Her circle, that began in 1946 and met regularly until the mid-1950s.  Minnie had already been a trance medium for some years when the circle was formed; it did not intend seeking physical phenomena, but in April 1946, a communicator promised that if a trumpet was introduced, the circle would experience such phenomena. There were a number of regular spirit contributors to the circle, including Sunrise (Minnie's principal guide); Mrs Agnes Abbott, one of Minnie's sisters, who before her death in 1942 had worked as a medium; Mrs Lumsden, the grandmother of Doris, Tom (her son)'s first wife; and Sam Hildred, who was related to two of the sitters. An example of the evidential quality of Minnie's mediumship was when Alfred Kitson, one of Spiritualism's early pioneers, materialized on 22 March, 1947; along with hundreds of apports and of course the photograph’s of ectoplasm and the materialized form of Agnes Abbott.

1951

Passing of the Fraudulent Mediums' Act 1951 removing genuine mediums from the previous provisions of the Witchcraft Act 1735 and from s.4 of the Vagrancy Act 1824, thereby enabling Spiritualist openly and legally to practice their religion

Eileen J. Garrett (1893 - 1970) Established the New York-based Parapsychology Foundation in 1951. She presided over the foundation until her death in 1970. She is, perhaps, the most respected medium of the twentieth century. with an ability to perceive energy or auras around people, animals and plants.  Her contributions to the investigation and understanding of mediumship and allied phenomena remain immeasurable.

1957

Lillian Bailey was a deep trance medium who gave supreme survival evidence to many notable personalities in the 20-Century. Kings and Princes consulted her because of her remarkable gift which allowed her spirit-self to leave its mortal shell and thus allow a communicator from the next world to take temporary control of it. In 1957 the Psychic Press published a book about her life (written by W.F. Neech) called 'Death is Her Life'

1964

Stansted Hall bequeathed to the Spiritualists' National Union by Arthur Findlay to be used as a College for the advancement of Psychic Science.

1966

Arthur Findlay College (Stansted Hall) opens in September.

1971

Leslie Flint (1911 - 1994) publishes his book 'Voices in the Dark'. Previously the Vice-president, he became the joint Vice President (in spirit) of the Noah's Ark Society with Noah Zerdin.  In some 35 years of mediumship, Leslie Flint was tested by a number of psychical researchers using electrical devices, but nothing of a fraudulent nature was discovered.  During his decades of sittings literally thousands of different voices of discarnate persons have been tape-recorded, speaking in different dialects and foreign languages unknown to Leslie and even in languages no longer spoken in the world.

1975

William Chapman (1921 - 2006) undoubtedly a medium who stands out prominently in the sphere of twentieth century mediumship. One recognition of this was gaining the 'Spiritualist of 1975' award, presented to him by Harry Edwards.  He worked with spirit partner Dr William Lang in the practice of spiritual healing.  As Maurice Barbanell rightly observed in Psychic News (27 March 1976): 'When Spiritualism's history comes to be written, the Lang/Chapman partnership which has brought health to thousands of sufferers after their cases were called "hopeless", will contribute some of its most illumined pages

1986

Coral Polge (1947 - 2001) One of Britain's most well known psychic artists, Coral was able, through the use of her mediumship, to create portraits of people in spirit. In 1986 she wrote her book 'Living Spirits'.  Coral worked for 54 years tirelessly giving proof of survival around the globe.

1989

Betty Shine (1929 - 2002) wrote her first book 'Mind to Mind' in 1989. She was guided by a spirit voice from the age of two onwards, but the bulk of her work in adulthood was done privately, in one-to-one consultations. She was not greatly interested in giving clairvoyant demonstrations, although she was in fact a medium, as she recounted in her autobiography; and she often did clairvoyant medical diagnosis.

1995

For many years that the Roman Catholic Church has been carrying out scientific experiments with their own mediums and one of the most competent theologians of the Vatican, Father Gino Concetti, writing in the 'Osservatore Romano', the daily paper of the Holy See, says that, 'According to the modern catechism the Church has decided not to forbid anymore to dialogue with the deceased ... this is as a sequel of new discoveries within the domain of the paranormal.'

1998

John Edward (b1969) was born on Long Island, New York, US, exhibited psychic abilities from a very young age. The fact that he would uncannily know family history and events that took place prior to his birth solidified that fact.. Since psychic phenomena was so accepted by his family, it was easy for his abilities to flourish.  He has a television program where he uses his unique mediumistic abilities to connect people with loved ones who have passed on.

1999

Ivy Northage (1909 - 2002) was well known for her teaching abilities; and in Britain she set up the Ivy Northage School for Mediums.  This helped many to hone and perfect their mediumistic skills. In 1999, she wrote her life-story, called 'While I Remember,' which features some fascinating accounts of the mediumship that she witnessed.  She was a transfiguration medium (spirit people build up their own features on the medium’s face in order to be seen) and an inspirational and trance medium.

2002

James Van Praagh (b1958) airs a program Beyond with James Van Praagh. He was raised as a Roman Catholic and at the age of fourteen began studying at a seminary; however he has described himself as experiencing spiritual phenomenon from a young age that eventually drew him away from conventional religious practice.  James is a survival evidence medium, meaning that he is able to bridge the gap between two planes of existence, that of the living and that of the dead, by providing evidential proof of life after death via detailed messages.

2005

David Thompson, one of the world’s foremost physical mediums (he is one of very few who publicly demonstrate this rare ability) with over 10 years of development moves to Australia from England and begins to take his gift around the world on a regular basis.  David’s gift has been independently witnessed over the years in controlled environments providing little room for doubt. Click here to access David’s page

Additonal highly influential and crucial figures:

 

1932

Baron Von Schrenck-Notzing was a physician from Munich  He found ectoplasm to be made of epithelial cells which are part of the body’s protective tissues and also of white and colourless blood cells called leukocytes. Leukocytes or white blood cells are cells in the blood that are involved in defending the body against infective organisms and foreign substances. Like all blood cells, they are produced in the bone marrow. Samples were taken from the bodies of both the Medium and Sitters during materialisation.  He commented: "We have very often been able to establish that by an unknown biological process there comes from the body of the medium a material, at first semi-fluid, which possesses some of the properties of a living substance, notably that of the power of change, of movement, and of the assumption of definite forms. One might doubt the truth of these facts if they had not been verified hundreds of times in the course of laborious tests under varied and strict conditions. ... Do not allow yourself to be discouraged in your efforts to open a new domain for science either by foolish attacks, by cowardly calumnies, by the misrepresentation of facts, by the violence of the malevolent, or by any sort of intimidation. Advance always along the path that you have opened, thinking of the words of Faraday 'Nothing is too amazing to be true'."

1930s

John Logie Baird (1888 - 1946) was a Scottish Engineer, Inventor and the pioneer of television.  He also witnessed a materialization séance.  The Medium’s son had died some time previously – he had cut his throat with a razor.  Soon after his death, the razor was found on the floor with a thumb print in blood upon it.  It had then been locked away by his mother.  During the séance, the Medium’s son materialized.  He spoke, answered questions and used ectoplasm to materialize a hand. A thumbprint was made in soft wax by the thumb of the materialized son.  The prints were compared with those on the razor and they were identical.